Electronics

A calibration generator responds to a digital signal by generating a differential calibration signal with respect to a reference value established by a reference source. The calibration generator includes an input for receiving the digital signal and a differential output for transmitting the differential calibration signal. A voltage divider connects between voltage sources of opposite polarity and equal magnitude for generating a constant magnitude signal across one resistor in the voltage divider.

A standing wave plasma antenna is provided. An ionizer generates an ionizing beam in a bounded plasma column extending along a vertical axis. A modulating signal is applied to an electro-optical crystal that modulates the ionizing beam. The resulting changes in the ionizing beam produce gradients in the plasma that cause ions and electrons to oscillate in a vertical path that generates alternating current having the frequency of the modulator. At a remote end the antenna terminates in a reflector.

A driver circuit having logic circuitry which controls the coil and associated contacts of a four pole double throw relay. The four pole double throw relay is toggled such that a large latching current flows through a first of a pair of solenoid coils of the magnetic-latching solenoid, while a relatively small current flows in the second solenoid coil of the magnetic latching solenoid in an opposite direction.

A transceiver system comprises transceivers and a controller in communication with the transceivers. Each of the transceivers comprises an emitter, a receiver operatively connected to the emitter, a primary data path operatively connected to the receiver, a secondary data path operatively connected to the receiver, a statistical unit operatively connected to the secondary data path and the controller and a display device operatively connected to the primary data path.

This invention presents an apparatus and technique to obtain a frequency shifted microwave signal by utilizing electrically controlled optical phase shifters to create a serrodyne modulation or multiple offset-phase-locked lasers to shift the microwave signal to a new frequency. This results in an improved image and carrier rejection when compared to electrical techniques.

Dielectric ceramics, electronic packaging, and structural ceramics are possible applications for BAS, SAS, and BAS+SAS.A process for producing monoclinic celsian comprising the steps of forming a mixture of an alkoxide of silica, an alkoxide of aluminum, and a salt of barium; adding a catalyst of a fluorine containing compound to the mixture; calcining the catalyzed mixture; and, heat treating the calcined mixture. This process uses a sol-gel process to progressively increase the amount of monoclinic phase in relation to the hexagonal celsian.

A circuit for disconnecting a battery from a battery powered load whenever he battery's output voltage drops below a specified battery cell voltage. The circuit includes a relay having a coil and a normally open contact which connects the battery to its load when the coil is energized. When the battery's output voltage drops below the specified battery cell voltage, which is about 1.8 volts per cell, the relay coil will de-energize disconnecting the battery from the load. A battery charger continuously charges the battery to maintain its output voltage.

A method is described for detecting weak signals in a non-Gaussian and non-stationary background using a hidden Markov parameter estimator.

The invention is a bimetallic actuator for heat-transfer applications where the source of energy is provided by a temperature difference between two reservoirs or the temperature change of the ambient. The actuator requires no external source of power for actuation. The actuator can be made with a separate heating resistor and connected to an external power source for operation in the active mode. The actuator could be a flap, a gate, a valve, or a cooling tunnel used to regulate flow anytime there is temperature difference between two environments or a change in the ambient temperature.

A filter, and method of the filtering, for increasing the signal to noise ratio of relatively small and constant amplitude signals in the presence of relatively large and varying amplitude signals. The filter produces a filtered power level a(z) proportional to: ##EQU1## where x(i) are power realizations of the signal in a selected frequency bin, and i=1, 2, . . . , N, and z is a non-zero real number not equal to -1, 0, or 1, and is preferably positive.